Rajmachi Fort Sunrise Trek

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Rajmachi Fort Overview

Rajmachi Fort is an ancient and important strategically located hill fort in the state of Maharashtra in the western Indian region. Situated in the grand Sahyadri mountain ranges, this fort portrays immense scenic beauty, historical importance, and trekking potential. The Rajmachi Fort consists of two distinct parts: Shrivardhan Fort and Manaranjan Fort. It offers a heavenly view of the surrounding valleys and landscapes, so it attracts lovers of nature and adventure seekers alike as well as history buffs. It lies in the Sahyadri mountain range.

The fort is on the Sahyadri Range of the Western Ghats and stands at 2,710 feet above sea level. Throughout history, the Sahyadris have been high, densely wooded, and very famous. Firstly, being an important point of interest, Rajmachi Fort is a good 15 kilometres from Lonavala. This means it is accessible via Mumbai and Pune for weekend trekking.

Rajmachi Fort Historical Importance

Rajmachi Fort was an important landmark in Maharashtra's history, significantly in the Maratha Empire. This fort was one of the primary key military bases for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, where he used it to trace his adversaries' movements and maintain regional safety under his command.  The fort also forms part of a strategic chain of forts which keeps India's western seacoast safe. It had seen several battles and changes in hands over the centuries, but it remained an important symbol of Maharashtra's rich cultural and historical heritage. The strategic position of the fort made it a crucial point in the defence system of the Maratha Empire.

Geography and Location of Rajmachi Fort

The exact location of Rajmachi Fort (near Lonavala, Maharashtra)

Rajmachi Fort is situated in the Sahyadri mountain ranges in the Maharashtra state, 15 km from Lonavala hill station. Strategically placed between Lonavala and Karjat, it has become a haven for trekkers and has been a weekend resort for the people of Mumbai and Pune. The fort is accessible by road and also by treks, while the excellent views of the entire landscape have been worthwhile, including the forested valleys.

Overview of the surrounding terrain

Sahyadri Hills, river valleys

The fort is located on the Sahyadri hill range of the Western Ghats. Sahyadri Hills has been declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO. This part is characterized by sharp ridges and deep river valleys along with thick forest covers that offer a picturesque scenery around the fort. There are also various seasonal rivers and waterfalls across the region which enhance the landscape. The fort is surrounded by several valleys it, mainly the Kondhane Valley and the Ulhas Valley which are very bio-diverse areas. The rains make the location even more spectacular with several falls cascading over the hills during the monsoons.

Rajmachi Fort: Road and Trek Route Information and Details on Transport

How to Reach End

• By Road: Rajmachi Fort is accessible by road from Lonavala and Karjat. 45 minutes from Lonavala via Lonavala- Karjat Road takes one to reach the fort. If coming from Mumbai or Pune, it is possible to come by car or train to Lonavala and then by taxi or a private vehicle to the base of the fort.

• Trekking Routes: The most common way to reach Rajmachi Fort is by trekking. There are several trekking routes, but the two main ones start from Lonavala and Karjat. The Lonavala route is around 6-7 kilometres long and is the more commonly used trail. The Karjat route is a bit longer and passes through dense forests and rugged terrain. Both routes offer great views, especially during the monsoon season.

• Transport Options: If you do not want to trek, you can hire a jeep from Lonavala to reach the base of the fort. There are jeeps available in the local area that can be hired for easy and comfortable transportation to the base of the fort.

Best Time to Visit and Seasonal Considerations

This time can be classified as winter from October to February and the wet season from June to September is considered to be the best time when to visit the Rajmachi Fort.

Winter (October-February): This is the best time for the Rajmachi fort trek. Climate conditions are cool and quite pleasing for engaging in outdoor events and exploration with clear skies as well as lower temperatures that do not allow less visibility.

• Monsoon (June to September): Rajmachi Fort is particularly beautiful in monsoons when it is all greenish, having several waterfalls and a land covered by mist. The downpour becomes hazardous, as tracks become slippery and landslide-prone. Therefore, trekking during monsoons is quite an adventure but risky without good gear and caution.

• Summer (March to May): It is relatively hot during the summer months, and the terrain dries up making the hike a bit hard. It's not a great time to visit because of heat and also no water along trails.

History of Rajmachi Fort

Pre-History of Rajmachi Fort When It Wasn't a Main Fort

The exact origins of Rajmachi Fort are somewhat unclear, with evidence suggesting that it was originally constructed by the local rulers to protect the surrounding areas and control the trade routes. The fort's strategic location, perched atop a hill in the Sahyadri range, made it an ideal spot for surveillance and defence. It was not a well-known fortress initially, but it must have been one of the earlier military outposts used by lesser kingdoms or chiefs before it received historical importance during the 17th century.

Association with the Maratha Empire

Rajmachi Fort has been significantly recognized under the reign of the Maratha Empire especially under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji Maharaj who was a brilliant military mind saw the necessity for strong fortifications to safeguard the Western Ghats. Rajmachi formed the optimal asset in its location overlooking the Konkan coast and trade routes leading to Pune and other parts of the Maratha kingdom. The fort became a vital part of the defence network of the Maratha Empire.

Role of the Fort in the Maratha Wars

During the Maratha Wars, Rajmachi Fort played an important role in controlling movements and defending the kingdom from external threats. In particular, it was a crucial outpost in the face of both Mughal and British advances. The fort's high elevation allowed it to monitor enemy movements, and its fortifications made it a resilient base. During the Anglo-Maratha Wars in the 18th century, Rajmachi Fort, like many other Maratha forts, was involved in several military engagements. The fort was used to maintain communication and supply routes between different regions of the Maratha Empire.

Strategic Importance During the 17th Century

During the 17th century, the Marathas, who used it to ensure protection regarding the protection of the empire by Shivaji Maharaj against the Mughal Empire, established this very crucial position on Rajmachi Fort. In the backdrop, it overlooks the Konkan region as well as all those roads approaching to Sahyadri ranges. Being near the main towns of Lonavala and Karjat, it was a point to be secured for the northwestern passage to the Maratha kingdom and securing trade routes passing through the Western Ghats. Hence it was not merely a fort but a center for military intelligence and defense.

Important Historical Events

• Shivaji Maharaj's conquest: The most significant occurrence in the history of Rajmachi Fort occurred during Shivaji Maharaj's expansion of the Maratha Empire. By the mid-17th century, Shivaji seized Rajmachi Fort as part of his method of consolidating his stronghold in the region and securing the western passes from enemy forces. His conquest of Rajmachi further emphasized his reputation as a master tactician who understood the importance of mountain forts in Maratha warfare.

• The Rajmachi Fort in Anglo-Maratha Wars: The fort continued to hold a prominent position in the 18th century during the Anglo-Maratha Wars. The fort was captured by the British, but the Marathas soon regained it. In that era, Rajmachi was used as part of a bigger network of forts through which Marathas resisted both British advances into the region.

• British Occupation: Following the fall of the Maratha Empire and the eventual British conquest of India, Rajmachi Fort, like many others, was under British control. The fort was used as a military outpost by the British, though its strategic significance diminished as the region became more peaceful and less prone to conflict.

Structure and Architecture of Rajmachi Fort

Description of the Fort’s Architecture (Walls, Gates, Bastions, etc.)

Rajmachi Fort is one of the very good examples of military architecture which was built to fight sieges and attacks. The fortifications are very strong. They use materials available locally such as stone carved and shaped to make the walls of defence very strong. This whole structure has been designed in a way that keeps in mind military strategy and utilizes the natural landscape to provide added protection.

• Walls: The fortress has thick walls made of stones that stand very tall against the enemy artillery and forces. Its walls are set to last and withstand the vagaries of nature and time with the shock and impact of a battle.

• Gates: The fort features impressive gates that were designed for defence. The entrances are narrow and have intricate features such as sharp turns or bend paths, making it difficult for invaders to storm the fort easily. The gates were typically reinforced with iron and stone to ensure strength.

• Bastions and Defensive Walls: Rajmachi Fort's bastions are strewn all over the fortifications, providing the defenders of the place with raised platforms from where to look and hurl missiles at approaching foes. The Bastions are located tactically at particular locations on every side of the periphery of the fort to have the greatest view over the area surrounding it.

The Two Principal Forts: Shrivardhan and Manaranjan

Rajmachi Fort is made up of two main forts, each with its unique character and military importance.

1. Shrivardhan Fort: This is the upper of the two forts, situated at an elevation of 3,600 feet above sea level. The Shrivardhan Fort provides panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, including the valleys below and other nearby forts like Lohgad and Visapur. The fort's construction is a mix of stone walls and natural rocky outcrops, which were used to blend the fort with its surrounding landscape, making it harder to detect.

2. Manaranjan Fort: This fort is positioned at a bit lower altitude level than Shrivardhan Fort, but again, it serves as an important strategic point of location. As such, it was more or less used to serve as an army outpost while keeping an eye on the respective valleys and jungles that it overlooked. Buildings here are fewer in number and were probably primarily used as living quarters and even for storing commodities during their days of usage. Still, its walls are built thick and include all important defences.

Importance of Fortification and Military Strategy in the Design

The design of Rajmachi Fort reflects the Marathas' keen military strategy, emphasizing fortifications and defensive positions. The fort’s placement atop a hill is crucial for surveillance and protection. The steep inclines around the fort made it difficult for attackers to approach, while the strong walls and watchtowers provided ample time for defenders to spot and repel any assault.

The two forts were placed such that Shrivardhan was at a higher elevation and Manaranjan below, which made it possible for the defenders to form an effective line of defence and ensure that any advancing enemy would have to face successive layers of fortifications. This design also helped control movement between important regions of Maharashtra.

Observations on the Construction Style and Materials Used

The style of construction at Rajmachi Fort is strictly the traditional Maratha military architecture and has heavily utilized locally available materials. Stone constitutes the fort walls, bastions, and gates, quarried from neighbouring areas. The stone walls are solid and strong with a considerable thickness to sustain artillery fire. The construction has been carefully designed.

The structures within the fort, such as the remains of temples and storage rooms, have a simple but functional design. The gates and watchtowers do not contain any elaborate decorations or carvings; their military needs always overshadowed aesthetic purposes.

Use of Fortification Techniques in the Fort (Gates, Watchtowers, Defensive Positions)

The fortifications implemented within the fort include the following crucial military techniques:

• Gates: The gates of Rajmachi Fort are designed to make any attempted siege difficult. The narrow, winding pathways leading to the gates would have slowed down enemy forces, while the gates themselves were designed to be reinforced with iron and thick stone. The gates' placement on elevated ground further added to the difficulty of an assault.

• Watchtowers: Rajmachi Fort boasts well-placed watchtowers that provide extensive views of the surrounding landscape, especially the valleys and other mountain passes. These towers allowed the fort’s defenders to detect any approaching threats long before they reached the fort’s walls.

• Defensive Positions: The fort is designed with layers of defence. The higher fort, Shrivardhan, can be used to launch counterattacks or prevent any advance from the lower levels. The steep approaches and natural rocky outcrops made direct attacks against the fort nearly impossible without significant loss of life.

The Trek to Rajmachi Fort

Detailed Description of the Different Trekking Routes (From Lonavala, Karjat, etc.)

There are many trekking routes through which one can reach Rajmachi Fort, and the most popular ones are Lonavala and Karjat, both of which are well connected by road and rail. Here's a look at the primary trekking routes:

1. From Lonavala:

Route Overview: This is one of the most popular trekking routes to Rajmachi Fort. Beginning from Lonavala, one moves towards Bhivpuri, where the trek to the fort starts. The path from Lonavala is a gentle climb through thick forests and rock terrains and, at various points, it passes through small streams and waterfalls.

Duration: The trek from Lonavala to Rajmachi usually takes 4-5 hours.

Highlights: The trek offers views of lush greenery, several scenic waterfalls, and expansive valleys. It also crosses Della Adventure Park, adding an adventure element to the trek.

2. From Karjat:

Route Overview: The trek from Karjat is another well-known route to Rajmachi Fort. It is slightly more challenging than the Lonavala route, involving steeper ascents through forests and rocky patches. The Karjat trek is often considered a more remote and quieter experience.

Duration: It takes around 5 to 6 hours to reach the fort from Karjat.

Highlights: This route passes through dense forests, and trekkers can enjoy the peacefulness of the journey. The terrain is slightly more rugged, but the sense of accomplishment upon reaching the top is rewarding.

3. From Udhewadi Village (Base Village):

• Route Overview: A relatively easier and more direct route starts from Udhewadi, a small village at the base of Rajmachi Fort. The trek from Udhewadi is more straightforward, taking trekkers through farm fields and rocky paths leading to the fort's gates.

• Duration: This trek is relatively short, taking about 2 to 3 hours to complete.

• Highlights: This route offers an opportunity to interact with the local villagers and experience their lifestyle while trekking. It’s also a good route for beginners or those looking for a shorter hike.

Difficulty Level of the Trek and Duration

The difficulty level of the trek to Rajmachi Fort varies based on the route taken, but generally, it can be considered moderate. Lonavala and Karjat routes are more lengthy and steep, with a lot of rocky terrain, which makes them moderately challenging. Udhewadi is easier and more suitable for first-timers or families.

•          Lonavala Route: Moderate to Challenging, 4-5 hours.

•       Karjat Route: Moderate to Challenging, it takes around 5-6 hours.

•          Udhewadi Route: Easy to Moderate, it takes 2-3 hours.

All the routes promise a rewarding experience for adventurers who have prepared themselves for the same. According to the preferred level of difficulty, one can always choose the route suitable for one's skills and stamina.

Tips to Reach Rajmachi While Trekking

• Start Early: Since you would have to cross under the sun during the entire trek, make sure to start it early in the morning. You will then be able to enjoy the cool climate and sunrise as well.

• Carry Sufficient Water: The time duration and exertion level are huge, so you will need to stay hydrated. Take enough water along with you, especially during the warmer months.

• Don Comfortable Shoe Wear: Because the terrain tends to be somewhat rocky and untamed, your footwear must support your steps since the terrain won't be conducive for walking lightly.

• Pack light: Pack minimum stuff such as water, nuts, and your first aid bag. Make the backpack light; the journey won't be unbearable.

• Check Weather Conditions: The weather may change without any prior intimation, especially during the monsoon season. Check the weather forecast before stepping out and prepare for rain during the rainy season.

• Trek with a Guide (If Unfamiliar): If you are not familiar with the trails, then you can consider trekking with a local guide as they know the best routes and will enhance your trekking experience.

• Be Aware of Wildlife: The forested areas around the fort are beautiful, but they are also home to various wildlife. Always keep a safe distance and avoid disturbing animals.

  

Points of Interest Along the Trek (Waterfalls, Valleys, Nature)

The trek to Rajmachi Fort is full of natural beauty, offering a variety of scenic spots to explore:

• Waterfalls: If you’re trekking during the monsoon season, you’ll come across several stunning waterfalls along the way, particularly on the Lonavala route. The waterfalls provide a great place for a short rest and to enjoy the soothing sounds of cascading water.

• Valleys and Greenery: During your climb, you will have breathtaking views of the valleys surrounding the place and the Sahyadri mountain range. Views of the verdant hills, rocky cliffs, and forests during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods are enthralling.

• Wildlife and Flora: On one side of the Rajmachi region are dense forests, trees, and birds. If you are a bird lover, spot some of the cuckoos, kingfishers, and parrots.

• Buddhist Caves: On the way to trekking, you'll find some smaller Buddhist caves. It is a bit historical and spiritual when seeing them.

• Scenic Viewpoints: There are a few scenic viewpoints on the Lonavala and Karjat routes where the trekkers can take a break and admire nature.

Trekking Gear and Essentials for Trekkers

Planned preparation is what makes the trek safe and enjoyable. Following is the list of trekking gear for your visit to Rajmachi Fort:

1. Trekking Shoes: Comfortable, sturdy, water-proof shoes with good grip for rocky and uneven grounds.

2. Backpack: It should be lightweight. Be sure you have sufficient space for water, food, and first-aid kits.

3. Water Bottles: At least 2-3 litres to stay hydrated during the trek.

4. Snacks: Carry energy-boosting light snacks such as nuts, trail mix, or energy bars to energize yourself.

5. Rain Gear: If trekking during the monsoon season, pack a raincoat or poncho to protect yourself from sudden showers.

6. Sunscreen and Hat: Wear sunscreen and a hat for protection from the sun, especially if trekking during the day.

7. First-Aid Kit: Carry basic first-aid items such as band-aids, antiseptic ointments, and pain relievers.

8. Camera/Phone: Don’t forget your camera or smartphone to capture the stunning views and landscapes along the way.

9. Flashlight/Headlamp: It is not the worst idea in the world if you still want to hit the trails of trekking early in the morning hours or late in the evening hours, to carry a flashlight or headlamp

10. Local Map or GPS: Although the route is pretty well marked, carrying a local map or a GPS device would only be prudent from your end and will prevent you from getting lost on the track.

Wildlife and Natural Environment

Flora and Fauna around Rajmachi Fort

It is more than just a historical place because it is a biodiversity spot as well. It resides deep inside the Sahyadri mountain range. The variety of flora from the surrounding regions is a compilation of different varieties of flora and fauna living amidst the hilly and forest surroundings.

1. Flora:

The forests surrounding Rajmachi Fort are mainly deciduous and semi-evergreen with a mix of tropical and temperate flora. The topography supports many trees such as tulsi, neem, bamboo, wild figs, mango trees, and many shrubs and creepers.

The region becomes lush green during the monsoon with rhododendrons and wild orchids in full bloom. These colourful plants, with the vibrant colours of wildflowers like impatiens, gladiolus, and marigold, adorn the beauty of the scenery of the region.

Medicinal plants such as holy basil and tulsi are also present, which have been in use for traditional herbal medicine since time immemorial.

Fauna:

Mammals: A variety of mammals can be seen in the forest surrounding Rajmachi Fort. These include rodents and other wild animals. Some of the listed species are leopards, wild boar, foxes, jackals, and a variety of bats. The bigger ones prefer keeping away from the human population, but those too are among the protected species of the fort.

Reptiles: It harbours a great many reptiles like cobras and kraits, which thrive extremely well in the rocky terrain and the dense forest ecosystem abounding with several species of monitor lizards.

There are many viewpoints through which one could see various butterflies on the trek to Rajmachi. Among these are common Mormon, Great Orange-tip, and Blue Tiger. The site is also chock-full of very interesting insects like dragonflies, beetles, and fireflies during monsoon.

Role of the Fort as part of Sahyadri Mountain Range Ecosystem

Rajmachi Fort lies in the Sahyadri mountain range of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The fort and the entire area play an important role in the ecological balance of the region. It acts as a natural barrier forming microclimates that support the different ecosystems present. Rajmachi Fort is in a rain shadow region. So, the monsoon rains that fall here are essential for the replenishment of groundwater in the valleys surrounding it.

Being on a hilltop, its site provides imposing views over the valleys below and naturally integrates with the landscape. It, hence, becomes a natural viewing location in the ecological network, which provides for its availability to maintain healthy forests around it and the biodiversity they hold.

Wildlife Spotting: Birds, Animals, and Insects Around the Fort

This is an ideal spot to view Rajmachi Fort for all wildlife and bird watchers out here. You have birds ranging from very common to extremely rare types. Along with this, if you are lucky enough, many species of animals and insects find shelter in the denser parts of the forest.

1. Bird watching:

• The species range from the birds of India peafowl to grey hornbills, Common Woodshrikes, Indian swiftlets, to Oriental turtle-doves, while the Indian vultures, kingfishers, and parakeets find habitats in forest canopy.

•  Migration seasons have many migratory species such as Brahminy kites and white-eyed buzzards found in this region, which are the additional biodiversity of the avifauna species.

• Woodpeckers, warblers, and sunbirds are many species that have made the forest so attractive for all bird lovers.

2. Animals and Mammals:

• As aforementioned, Leopard, Wild boar, Jackal, and Barking deer were commonly seen in the neighbourhoods of Rajmachi. The same could sometimes be seen, with lots of patience and luck.

• The general health index of the ecosystem of the area is therefore achieved.

• Sambar Deer and Langur monkeys are often seen around the bottom of the fort and the silly banter between them makes the surroundings all the more beautiful.

• Snakes such as Indian Cobra and Russell's Viper often thrive in the secluded rocky areas, so the trekkers should be quite watchful.

3. Insects and Butterflies:

• A spectacular variety of insects arrives in the monsoon season in Rajmachi. Darkness brings up fireflies in many spots, making it seem almost magical within the wooded tracts.

• Butterflies of Common Bluebottle, Common Tiger and Painted Lady flutter across pathways and add splashes of colour to the journey.

•  The dense forest and the presence of water sources make Rajmachi Fort an ideal place for the flourishing of various insect species, which play an important role in the ecosystem by aiding in pollination and soil aeration.

  

The Biodiversity of the Area, Including Endangered Species

Rajmachi Fort is situated inside one of the world's hottest biodiversity hotspots, i.e., the Western Ghats. The area proves to be a habitat for many different species, including a few endangered and vulnerable species. Conservation efforts have been taking place to protect the very fragile ecosystems here as the Western Ghats stand out with their exceptional biodiversity.

1. Endangered Species:

• The Indian Wolf is an extremely rare and endangered species and is occasionally spotted in the region. Indian Leopard also resides in the Rajmachi forest area but is only occasionally spotted; therefore, each sighting holds high importance.

•  Flying Squirrels are also residents of this region and have been recorded from dense canopies in the Sahyadri hills.

•  Indigenous Species: This part of India is gifted with lush and rich endemic species of flora and fauna, like frogs species- Purple Frog, native to this area.

2. Conservation Activities

Rajmachi Wildlife Sanctuary has been established to preserve the rich diversity of the Western Ghats and the fragile ecosystem that prevails. There are many conservation agencies focused on saving endangered species and preventing illegal poaching, deforestation, and habitat loss.

Attractions Around

Kondana Caves: History and Significance

They are located around 10 kilometres from Rajmachi Fort. So, they could be accessed equally by enthusiasts of history and trekkers. The Kondana Caves are rock-cut Buddhist temples dating back from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. This place is popular for having a wide range of beautiful carvings and sculptures that describe the life of the Buddha.

The caves are located in the Kondana valley and are dispersed over several hills. The most famous feature of the caves is the stupa—a Buddhist structure that is believed to have contained fragments of the Buddha. There are also several ancient sculptures, inscriptions, and Buddhist symbols on the rock wall. The place is less crowded compared to other historical sites, making it very peaceful and serene.

While trekking to Kondana Caves, a photographic trek is seen through heavy forests and rock terrain, and a wonderful view of the valleys. The caves are the cultural goldmine that depicts the Buddhist culture of the region.

Bhivpuri Waterfalls and Other Close Places for Trekking

The Bhivpuri Waterfalls is another beautiful water attraction close to Rajmachi Fort. It is located close to Bhivpuri town. Among the most popular day trip spots, this is one of the most exciting places to visit during monsoon. Water cascades down from a height of about 100 feet under dense green cover and creates refreshing air around. The picturesque scene created in the river run-through stones is worth seeing. This location, in particular, is used for picnics and photography.

Besides Bhivpuri Waterfalls, here are some more trekking options near Rajmachi that include some of the most spectacular sceneries one can get on the Sahyadri range. Some popular trekking locations are:

1. Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary: A natural park with various types of trails that allow trekking and bird or wildlife watching.

2. Sudhagad Fort: A thick forest-covered fort with a more or less relatively easy trek providing some great landscapes.

3. Kataldhar Waterfall: A secret waterfall near Lonavala to trek and enjoy nature

These trek points along with various waterfalls located in the vicinity make the territory an adventurer's paradise. From nature walks and waterfall treks to mountain treks, whatever your interest could be, it is all waiting for you in the Rajmachi region's surroundings.

Lonavala and Khandala: Places to Visit, Activities, and Food

Just a short distance from Rajmachi Fort, Lonavala and Khandala are two of the most popular hill stations in Maharashtra. Both towns are renowned for their picturesque landscapes, cool climate, and relaxing atmosphere. They offer several activities and attractions for visitors:

1. Lonavala:

• Lonavala Lake: A serene, artificial lake that is perfect for a peaceful retreat.

• Bhushi Dam: A popular spot for picnics and a waterfall, particularly during the monsoon season.

• Karla Caves: Another significant historical site near Lonavala, these rock-cut Buddhist caves are adorned with beautiful sculptures and inscriptions.

• Della Adventure Park: For the thrill-seekers, this adventure park offers zip-lining, go-karting, and paintball activities.

2. Khandala:

• Tiger's Leap: A very popular viewpoint offering a panoramic view of the Sahyadri mountains and valleys below.

• Sunset Point: The name itself speaks of the great view of sunset over the lush landscapes.

• Duke's Nose: It is a cliff that is nose-like, with a great opportunity for rock climbing and trekking.

Both of the villages are also popular for their street foods and majorly consumed foods are chikki, which is a crunchy sweet made from jaggery and nuts, vadi, which is a spicy snack and pav bhaji. These foods can be found in different food shops and cafes of the area hence it is an ideal destination for foodies.

Fortresses around the area concerning Rajmachi; (like Lohagad, and Visapur)

Outside of Rajmachi Fort lies a multitude of other old, historical fortifications that deserve inspection. Several forts were integral for the history and strategic advantage along the lines of the Maratha Empire.

1. Lohagad Fort:

Famous due to its ladder-shaped pattern and Bale Killa's highest location of the fort, Lohagad Fort is located based on Lonavala. The surrounding view of the fort is really eye-catchy which includes Bhaje Caves and Visapur Fort. It was one of the most defence forts during the reign of Marathas and later, the British took it over. Lohagad is not too much of a strenuous journey. This trek has made it accessible for the new and average trekker people

2. Visapur Fort:

Visapur Fort is located near Lohagad. The fort is bigger and more complex compared to Lohagad, with panoramic views of the regions around Pune and Mumbai. It was a critical defensive structure for the region during the Maratha-British wars. Visapur fort trek is a little steeper compared to Lohagad but offers incredible views of the Sahyadri range and the nearby Vasai River.

3. Torna Fort:

Among others, Torna Fort was the first to be captured by Shivaji Maharaj in the year 1646, and because of its strategic location, it was also a major military outpost of the Maratha Empire. The trekking route, on the other hand, is comparatively sterner which provides beautiful scenic views of Khanda Valley and Bhor Ghat.

The Rajmachi Fort reaches here.

It lies in the Sahyadri mountain range and is close to Lonavala, Maharashtra. The fort can be accessed with all transport; roads, railways, and treks are easy.

1. From Mumbai:

• Distance: 80 km or 2-3 hours via car

• Mumbai-By Road: Pune Expressway. Come out at Lonavala. From Lonavala follow the Rajmachi village road to reach to the base of the fort, the road is well maintained and can be by car also by bike,

2. From Pune:

•  Around 60 Km (about 2 hours via car).

• Drive along the Mumbai-Pune Expressway; exit at Kamshet.

• Drive from Kamshet to Rajmachi village. The road to Rajmachi is reasonably accessible by car, although do check the road conditions, particularly during the monsoon.

3. From Lonavala:

•  Distance: About 15 kilometres (1–2 hours by car).

• The road from Lonavala to Rajmachi is smarked. You can go to Karla or Bhivpuri, and the trek route starts from there.

• By Road, road conditions vary; better to have a good car

By Train

1. From Mumbai

Approx 80 km from Mumbai to Lonavala station, There are trains at an approximate time difference between Mumbai to Lonavala; when you reach Lonavala station, you can use either of the taxis or the local transports up to base village Rajmachi.

2. From Pune

Approx 60 km from Pune to Lonavala station. Trains from Pune to Lonavala are very well connected. Once you reach Lonavala station, you can take a taxi or continue by road to Rajmachi.

Best Time to Visit:

• The best time to visit Rajmachi Fort is from October to March when the weather is pleasant and ideal for trekking.

• Monsoon is another popular season, as the fort and its surroundings are full of greenery, but the trekkers may find it slippery and hard to trek.

• Summer months can be quite hot, so one should visit during early morning or late afternoon.